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Steganography
Steganography is a technique used to hide messages. This varies from cryptography because most of the time you won't even realised that a message has been hidden. This technique is commonly used to conceal information inside files that appear to be normal, the most common being inside images.
This can start off very simple such as having a plain coloured background for an image, then changing the colour slightly and trying a message into the image (look out for this here!) or go as advanced as using programs to encrypt the message and embed it into the image. This however is very hard to un-encrypt without know the encryption used.
It can also be used to hide messages inside a paragraph, for example:
See
this even
gives a
new obscurity
Taking the first letter of each word, or simply
THere wIll
be an eaSy to see sImple
meSsage in tHIs
sentence which i Don't think will
be that harD to makE
out Now.
Taking each capital letter. This technique is also know as the null cipher.
Sound Stegano
It is also very easy to hide messages in a sound (such as an mp3) file. The most commonly used method is a method know as backmasking in which the message is reversed and added to the sound file. Also speeding up the message by a large amount so that it just sounds like some static is also effective.
This can be classed as subliminal messaging though and can get you in trouble if the listener doesn't know it contains a hidden message.
Video
Then there's hiding messages in videos, this is very easy to do because of the high frame rate videos use. For example cartoons usually use on average 10 frames a second, meaning if one of those frames is altered slightly chances are no one will notice. Words could be added to one of the frames or the frame could be changed completely to display something else entirely.
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This article is incomplete, although users are free to add if they wish
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